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The Arab Movement of Azawad ((アラビア語:الحركة العربية الأزوادية), ; MAA) is an Arab military organization active in Azawad/northern Mali. Initially known as the National Liberation Front of Azawad (; FLNA), it was formed in early 2012, during the 2012 Tuareg rebellion. The MAA claims to be a secular, non-terrorist organization, whose main objective is to defend the interests of the Arab peoples of northern Mali. It is reportedly willing to "work with France against terrorism, drug trafficking and organized crime" in the region.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Mali: un mouvement d’Arabes dit combattre des rebelles touareg dans le Nord )〕 The group calls for granting substantial autonomy to northern Mali.〔 ==History== The MAA was formed as the National Liberation Front of Azawad (FLNA) in early 2012. It was largely composed of Arab militia fighters who had organized to defend Timbuktu during the advance by the forces of the Tuareg National Movement for the Liberation of Azawad (MNLA) and the Islamist Ansar Dine against the city. The new group claimed to oppose both the independence of Azawad from Mali and the imposition of sharia law in the region. After Timbuktu fell to the rebels on April 1, 2012, the FLNA briefly occupied the city in turn on April 27, but departed after Abdelhamid Abou Zeid, a leading member of al-Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb (AQIM), issued a demand for them to leave.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=New Mali militia leaves Timbuktu to ‘avoid bloodbath’ )〕 The FLNA initially had difficulty securing support among the Arab Berabiche community in northern Mali; its leaders were attacked for being involved in the drug smuggling trade in northern Mali, and for being partially responsible for the escalation of violence in the region. They were also accused of helping AQIM in their takeover of Timbuktu. The FLNA nevertheless continued its operations in northern Mali, acting independently of both the MNLA and the Islamists, and subsequently changed its name to the Arab Movement of Azawad (MAA). In December 2012, the MAA claimed to have a "very good relationship" with the Tuareg MNLA in spite of "small differences" between the two organizations,〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Entretien avec Mohamed Ould Ramadane ,le Secrétaire aux relations extérieures du Mouvement Arabe de l'Azawad (M.A.A). )〕 but by the following year both groups were openly hostile to one another. On February 23, 2013, the MAA attacked the MNLA in the town of al-Khalil, near Tessalit; it also accused MNLA soldiers of having seized the vehicles of Arabs in the region, emptying their shops and raping women.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=MNLA attacked by Azawad Arab Movement )〕 On February 24, the French Air Force launched airstrikes against MAA targets, which reportedly injured five MAA soldiers and destroyed five of their vehicles. An MAA spokesman responded by denouncing the intervention, characterizing the French action as providing "open support" to the MNLA.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=French bomb Islamists in Mali, 'four wounded' )〕 In early April 2013, the MAA participated in a conference which brought together the leaders of various Arab groups in Azawad. The conference, which was held in the Mauritanian capital Nouakchott, ended with the formation of a new organization, the Convergence of Arab Movements and Associations for the Unity and Development of Azawad, which was tasked with representing the interests of all Arab communities in the region. The head of the MAA was appointed as a member of the board of the Convergence.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Mali Arabs attempt to unify )〕 On April 21, 2013, the MAA occupied the town of Ber, approximately 50 kilometers north of Timbuktu.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Arab militants seize town in northeastern Mali )〕 Arab fighters returned to the town on May 5; they looted shops and houses and then departed. The MAA denied responsibility for this second incident, and claimed that the looters were acting contrary to orders.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Mali: des soldats maliens et burkinabè à Ber, après des affrontements entre Arabes et Touaregs )〕 On May 17, the MAA claimed to have entered Anefis, to the southwest of Kidal, after a clash with MNLA fighters. Intervention by the French military, however, forced the MAA to depart by the following day.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Mali: l'armée française chasse un groupe armé d'une ville du nord-est )〕 The MNLA rejected this version of events, claiming instead that the combatants who entered Anefis were members of the Islamist Movement for Oneness and Jihad in West Africa (MUJAO).〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Mali - L'aviation française intervient contre le Mouvement arabe de l'Azawad à Anéfis )〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Arab Movement of Azawad」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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